Punjab is Pakistan's second largest province by area after Balochistan with an area of 205,344 square kilometres (79,284 square miles). The ventilator occupancy rate reached a worrying level on Tuesday in the Punjab… The temperature is generally hot, with marked variations between summer and winter. Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Multan, Ludhiana, Amritsar, Jalandhar, and Chandigarh are all the other cities in Punjab with a city proper population over a million. In Pakistan, the region now includes the Punjab province and Islamabad Capital Territory. Much of the province once consisted of desert wastes that were unfavourable for settlement, but its character changed after an extensive network of irrigation canals was built in the early 20th century using the waters of the Indus tributaries. Faisalabad is the third-largest metropolis in Pakistan and a famous industrial city. Pop. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Along with the nearby cities of Sialkot and Gujranwala, Gujrat forms part of the so-called Golden Triangle of … Lahore’s airport provides domestic service. The region has been used for extensive wheat farming. Createspace Independent Pub, 2014, sfn error: no target: CITEREFLeviSela2010 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFBosworth1963 (, List of cities in the Punjab region by population, "Punjab, bread basket of India, hungers for change", "Columbia Water Center Released New Whitepaper: "Restoring Groundwater in Punjab, India's Breadbasket" – Columbia Water Center", "Pakistan flood: Sindh braces as water envelops southern Punjab", River Sarasvati was a Himalayn-born river, Commentatio Geographica atque Historica de Pentapotamia Indica, "Pakistan Geotagging: Partition of Punjab in 1947", https://www.omniglot.com/writing/punjabi.htm, "Census Reference Tables, C-Series Population by religious communities", "Population by religion community – 2011", "Punjab-The Leader in Agricultural Sector, Agriculture Today, 2013", "Punjab second richest state in country: CII", Provincial Accounts of Pakistan: Methodology and Estimates 1973–2000, "Punjab govt to identify poorest among unemployed in villages: Amarinder Singh", "Bathinda cleanest in Punjab, but slips to 79th ranking", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punjab&oldid=1002238749, Wikipedia articles needing cleanup after translation, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pending changes protected pages, Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates, Articles containing Punjabi-language text, Articles containing Persian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2020, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, the north-western region, separated from the central plain by the, 1911: Parts of Delhi separated from Punjab Province. Below, you will find an overview of the recent history of districts in Punjab, a map showing each district, the divisions of Punjab and their districts, and a list showing each district's name, the division the district belongs to, the district's area, the location of the … [citation needed], Alternatively, Punjab is also adding to the economy with the increase in employment of Punjab youth in the private sector. Punjab is connected by road or railway to India, China, and Afghanistan, and its major cities are linked by road. The provincial capital, Lahore, is located in the east-central region, near the border with India. In 1758, Punjab came under the rule of Marathas, who captured the region by defeating the Afghan forces of Ahmad Shah Abdali. Punjab, a state in North India is known for Sikh community. Punjab is Pakistan's second largest province by area, and it is the most populated province, with rich culture & hitory. The government’s failure to alert the public of the impending disaster elicited much criticism; some felt that officials, having had previous experience handling flooding there, should have been able to provide Punjabis with more forewarning. Although the region is a traditional floodplain, the extraordinary flooding of the Indus River in the summer of 2010 was especially disastrous in Punjab, where millions of people were affected (by some estimates, one-half of all Pakistanis affected were in Punjab). The Lower Himalayan Range runs from north of Rawalpindi through Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and further south. Punjab is Pakistan's second largest province at 205,344 km² (79,284 sq mi²) after Balochistan and is located at the northwestern edge of the geologic Indian plate in South-Central Asia. Livestock and poultry are raised in large numbers. About 57.7% of the population of Punjab state is Sikh, 38.5% is Hindu, and the rest are Muslims, Christians, and Jains. Sind would later be governed by the Abbasid Caliphate, before fragmenting into five smaller kingdoms, one of which was based in Multan. LOCATION OF PUNJAB: Punjab (Urdu: پنجاب ‎, Shahmukhī Punjabi: پنجاب, panj-āb, “five waters”: listen, also spelled Panjab, is the most populous of the four provinces of Pakistan.It has an area of 205,344 square kilometers (79,284 square miles) and a population exceeding 82 million, approximately 56% of the country’s total population. The upper regions are snow-covered the whole year. East Punjab (48%) became part of India, while West Punjab (52%) became part of Pakistan. [9] The origin of the word Punjab can probably be traced to the Sanskrit panca-nada ([pɐntʃɐnɐd̪ɐ]), which literally means 'five rivers', and is used as the name of a region in Mahabharata. [54] In 2001, it was recorded that farmers made up 39% of Indian Punjab's workforce. badshahi mosque, lahore, punjab, pakistan - punjab pakistan stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images motorway - punjab pakistan stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images Pakistani health worker administers polio vaccine drops to a child during a polio vaccination campaign at a slum area in Lahore on January 22, 2019. The University of Central Punjab or UCP is a private university located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Sikhism, founded by Guru Nanak is the main religion practised in the post-1966 Indian Punjab state. At the time of the formation of the Dal Khalsa in 1748 at Amritsar, the Punjab had been divided into 36 areas and 12 separate Sikh principalities, called Misl. [43] The Punjab bore the brunt of the civil unrest following the end of the British Raj, with casualties estimated to be in the millions. [53], Called "The Granary of India" or "The Bread Basket of India," Indian Punjab produces 1% of the world's rice, 2% of its wheat, and 2% of its cotton. It is not uniform over the whole region, with the sections adjacent to the Himalayas receiving heavier rainfall than those at a distance. In a long line of succeeding rulers of the area, Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka stand out as the most renowned. Their power declined after 1738, however, and in 1747 Lahore fell under weak Afghan rule marked by lawlessness and disorder. The Motorway police have also requested the people to stay home and avoid unnecessary travelling. The University of the Punjab and the University of Engineering and Technology are located in Lahore, as are other colleges, museums, libraries, and cultural centres. [32], The climate is a factor contributing to the economy of the Punjab. Ranjit Singh (1780–1839) subsequently built up the Punjab region into a powerful Sikh kingdom and attached to it the adjacent provinces of Multan, Kashmir, and Peshawar (all of which are now fully or partially administered by Pakistan). The British Raj had political, cultural, philosophical, and literary consequences in the Punjab, including the establishment of a new system of education. Out of the 36 areas, 22 were united by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. [5][6][7], The region was originally called Sapta Sindhu,[8] the Vedic land of the seven rivers flowing into the ocean. Commonly called Pindi, the city is located 9 miles from Islamabad, and it's the 4th most populous urban area in Pakistan. Rawalpindi railway station is located in Saddar area of Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. The Afghan forces of Durrani Empire (also known as the Afghan Empire), under the command of Ahmad Shah Durrani, entered Punjab in 1749, and captured Punjab—with Lahore being governed by Pashtuns—and Kashmir regions. Punjabi is the mother tongue of the great majority of the population. [citation needed]. University of Central Punjab is situated 4 km east of Eden Canal Villas. Archaeological History of Majha: Research Book about Archaeology and Mythology with Rare Photograph. It is bordered by the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir to the northeast, the Indian states of Punjab and Rajasthan to the east, Sindh province to the south, Balochistān and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces to the west, and Islamabad federal capital area and Azad Kashmir to the north. Nearly 60% of Pakistan's population lives in the Punjab. In the northern parts of the province are the Murree and Rawalpindi and the Pabbi hills, part of the Sub-Himalayas, and in the far north is the Potwar Plateau. Another definition of the Punjab region adds to the definitions cited above and includes parts of Rajasthan on linguistic lines and takes into consideration the location of the Punjab rivers in ancient times. Pakistan Punjab is predominantly occupied by Muslims who moved to the region after the partition. Six years later, the British East India Company was given an excuse to declare war, and in 1849, after two Anglo-Sikh wars, the Punjab was annexed by the East India Company. Punjab (Urdu & Punjabi: پنجاب, romanized: Panjāb, pronounced [pənˈdʒaːb ], listen ; lit. [4] The Punjab region is often referred to as the breadbasket in both India and Pakistan. The period was also notable for the emergence of Guru Nanak (1469–1539), the founder of Sikhism. The remainder of the Punjab at this time was governed by the Hindu Shahis and local Rajputs. After the death of Ahmad Shah, the Punjab was freed from the Afghan rule by Sikhs for a brief period between 1773 and 1818. It occupies 25.8% of the total landmass of Pakistan. Dense fog blankets plain areas in Punjab Published On 20 January,2021 05:25 am. His armies entered the region via the Hindu Kush in northwest Pakistan and his rule extended up to the city of Sagala (present-day Sialkot in northeast Pakistan). Updates? [51] Pakistani Punjab produces 68% of Pakistan's food grain production. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Rawalpindi (Punjab, Pakistan): population 3.25 million. According to this definition, the Punjab region incorporates, in today's Pakistan, Azad Kashmir including Bhimber and Mirpur[20] and parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (especially Peshawar,[21] known in the Punjab region as Pishore). [16] All are tributaries of the Indus River, the Sutlej being the largest. Areas affected by flooding in Pakistan in 2010. The land was later contested by the Persians, Indo-Greeks, Indo-Scythians, Kushans, Macedonians, Ghaznavids, Turkic, Mongols, Timurids, Mughals, Marathas, Arabs, Pashtuns, British, and other peoples. There is considerable rural-to-urban migration in the province, especially to the larger cities. The capital and largest city is Lahore which was the historical capital of the wider Punjab region. The other 14 accepted East India Company sovereignty. The main written language is Urdu, followed by English. Following the death of Muhammad of Ghor in 1206 the Ghurid state fragmented and in northern India was replaced by the Delhi Sultanate. In India, it includes the Punjab state, Chandigarh, Haryana,[27] and Himachal Pradesh. Rawalpindi Railway Station is situated 1½ km northeast of Army Medical College Boys Hostel. Pakistan is 33rd largest country of world by area. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Historically, Lahore has been the capital of the Punjab region and continues to be the most populous city in the region at 11 million city proper population. The Delhi Sultanate ruled the Punjab for the next three hundred years, led by five unrelated dynasties, the Mamluks, Khalajis, Tughlaqs, Sayyids and Lodis. [22] In India, the wider definition includes parts of Delhi and Jammu Division. A man wearing a protective mask walks outside a shopping area in Karachi on Dec 29. The Punjab region of India and Pakistan has a historical and cultural link to Indo-Aryan peoples as well as partially to various indigenous communities. Omissions? It is bordered by the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir to the northeast, the Indian states of Punjab and Rajasthan to the east, Sindh province to the south, Balochistān and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces to the west, and Islamabad federal capital area and Azad Kashmir … By 1764–65 the Sikhs had established their dominance in the area. Accordingly, the Punjab region is very diverse and stretches from the hills of the Kangra Valley to the plains and to the Cholistan Desert. [1][15] The word Punjab thus means 'The Land of Five Waters', referring to the rivers Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej, and Beas. [28][29][30][31] In particular, the Sri Ganganagar and Hanumangarh districts are included in the Punjab region. [46] Also, Kirpal Singh revered the Sikh Gurus as saints.[47]. New Delhi: The chief minister of Pakistan’s Punjab province, Usman Buzdar, has asked the deputy commissioners of his province to air qawwali programmes on local cable networks to promote the art form. Localities in the Area Wahdat Colony from Mapcarta, the free map. The epic battles described in the Mahabharata are described as being fought in what is now the State of Haryana and historic Punjab. In the western half of the Pakistani province, the major native languages are Saraiki, Hindko and Pothwari, all of which are closely related to Punjabi. [42] However, in Jhelum, 35 British soldiers of HM XXIV regiment were killed by the local resistance, and in Ludhiana, a rebellion was crushed with the assistance of the Punjab chiefs of Nabha and Malerkotla. In 305 BCE the area was ruled by the Maurya Empire. Using the 1947 definition, the Punjab borders the Balochistan and Pashtunistan regions to the west, Kashmir to the north, the Hindi Belt to the east, and Rajasthan and Sindh to the south. Punjab (Urdu: صوبہ پنجاب ‎) is a province in Pakistan. Qawwali is a form of sufi devotional music that celebrates God, love and music as one. The Ghaznavids were a dynasty of Turkic slave-soldiers... Jatiinder Aulakh. When the Indian subcontinent received its independence in 1947, Punjab was split between Pakistan and India, with the larger western portion becoming part of Pakistan. Here is the list of cities in Punjab, Pakistan, by area. So far, 32,420 youths have been placed in different jobs and 12,114 have been skill-trained. Multan (Punjab, Pakistan): 2.6 million. Photo: Miiqbal, CC BY-SA 3.0. Wahdat Colony is situated southeast of Satellite Town. Wahdat Colony is a suburb in Punjab. The Punjab Area comprises the districts and cities of the state. The area subsequently came under various other Muslim rulers until the victorious entry of the Mughals in 1526. In the 16th century, during the reign of the Mughal emperor Akbar, the term Punjab was synonymous with the Lahore province. Following Third Battle of Panipat against Marathas, Durranis reconsolidated its power and dominion over the Punjab region, and Kashmir Valley. The area entered recorded history with the annexation of Punjab and Sindh to the Persian empire by Darius I (c. 518 bce). Wheat and cotton are the principal crops. The major ethnic groups are the Jat, Rajput, Arain, Gujar, and Awan. In the 16th century Mughal Empire it referred to a relatively smaller area between the Indus and the Sutlej rivers. Guijranwala (Punjab, Pakistan): 2.57 million. The minister said that the farmers of south Punjab hated this royal gang as the Pakistan Muslim League- Nawaz (PML-N) forced them to starve during its rule. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}31°N 74°E / 31°N 74°E / 31; 74. The vast majority of Pakistani Punjabis are Sunni Muslim by faith, but also include large minority faiths, such as Shia Muslim, Ahmadis, Hinduism, Sikhism and Christians. The capital of Punjab is Lahore. The general slope of the land is from northeast to southwest, but it rises in the areas between rivers. In addition, rice, cotton, sugarcane, fruit, and vegetables are also grown. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Punjab-province-Pakistan. Both Indian and Pakistani Punjab are considered to have the best infrastructure of their respective countries. [45] Punjab state contains the holy Sikh cities of Amritsar, Anandpur Sahib, Tarn Taran Sahib, Fatehgarh Sahib and Chamkaur Sahib. The Gandharas, Kambojas, Trigartas, Andhra, Pauravas, Bahlikas (Bactrian settlers of the Punjab), Yaudheyas, and others sided with the Kauravas in the great battle fought at Kurukshetra. "The State and Agricultural Productivity: Continuity versus Change in the Indian and Pakistani Punjabs. [8] In religion, the province is almost entirely Muslim, with a small Christian minority. In 711–713 CE, the 18-year-old Arab general Muhammad bin Qasim of Taif, a city in what is now Saudi Arabia, came by way of the Arabian Sea with Arab troops to defeat Raja Dahir. 91,379,615. The two main religions of the Indian Punjab region are Sikhism and Hinduism. Under the Mughals prosperity, growth, and relative peace were established, particularly under the reign of Jahangir. The plates are still moving together, and the Himalayas are rising by about 5 millimetres (0.2 in) per year. Total area of Pakistan including four provinces Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh and Balochistan and three territories Islamabad Capital Territory, Gilgit–Baltistan and Azad Kashmir. ... GIKI graduates develop Pakistan's first real-time online shopping search engine. Punjab borders Jammu and Kashmir in the north, and the Indian states of Punjab and Rajasthan to the east. Moreover, it is almost 70 kilometers from Islamabad and takes 2 hr and 15 minutes to reach there. At the time of partition in 1947, the province was split into East and West Punjab. [35] According to Dr Fauja Singh and Dr. L. M. Joshi: "There is no doubt that the Kambojas, Daradas, Kaikayas, Andhra, Pauravas, Yaudheyas, Malavas, Saindhavas and Kurus had jointly contributed to the heroic tradition and composite culture of ancient Punjab."[36]. The boundaries of the region are ill-defined and focus on historical accounts. Other religious groups are Christianity, Jainism, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, and Ravidassia. Explore the geography of Asia with this quiz. [50], The agricultural output of the Punjab region in Pakistan contributes significantly to Pakistan's GDP. [10][11] The later name for the region, Punjab, was introduced to the region by the Turko-Persian conquerors of India,[12] and more formally popularised during the Mughal Empire.[13][14]. 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